NASA finds giant ‘bite mark’ on Pluto’s surface

Scientists at the NASA’s New Horizons mission have discovered what looks like a giant “bite mark” on Pluto’s surface.

Researchers suggest it may have been caused by a process known as sublimation — the transition of a substance from a solid to a gas.

The methane ice—rich surface on Pluto may be sublimating away into the atmosphere, exposing a layer of water—ice underneath, NASA said.

The NASA image shows the cratered plateau uplands informally named Vega Terra, far in the western hemisphere of Pluto.

A jagged scrap, or wall of cliffs, known as Piri Rupes borders the young, nearly crater—free plains of Piri Planitia. The cliffs break up into isolated mesas in several places.

Cutting diagonally across the mottled plans is the long extensional fault of Inanna Fossa, which stretches eastward 600 kilometres from there to the western edge of the great nitrogen ice plains of Sputnik Planum.

Compositional data from the New Horizons spacecraft’s Ralph/Linear Etalon Imaging Spectral Array (LEISA) instrument indicate that the plateau uplands south of Piri Rupes are rich in methane ice.

Scientists speculate that sublimation of methane may be causing the plateau material to erode along the face of the cliffs, causing them to retreat south and leave the plains of Piri Planitia in their wake.

Compositional data also show that the surface of Piri Planitia is more enriched in water ice than the higher plateaus, which may indicate that Piri Planitia’s surface is made of water ice bedrock, just beneath a layer of retreating methane ice.

The surface of Pluto is very cold, the water ice is rock—like and immobile.

The light/dark mottled pattern of Piri Planitia in the left inset is reflected in the composition map, with the lighter areas corresponding to areas richer in methane — these may be remnants of methane that have not yet sublimated entirely.

The image measures about 450 kilometres long by 410 kilometres wide. It was obtained by New Horizons at a range of about 33,900 kilometres from Pluto, about 45 minutes before the spacecraft’s closest approach to Pluto on July 14 last year.

The LEISA data was gathered when the spacecraft was about 47,000 kilometres from Pluto.

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